All About Uterine Fibroids – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
What Are Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can develop both inside the uterus or on it. Doctors refer to them as leiomyomas or myomas and these are among the most common health issues for women, particularly those who are in childbearing age. They can differ in size, ranging from tiny ones that are barely noticeable to large ones that can measure several centimetres across. While some women may not experience any symptoms, others find that fibroids can complicate daily life and affect their ability to have children.
Causes of Fibroids
Though the exact cause of fibroids is still unclear, researchers believe several factors can contribute to their formation. These include:
Genetics
Fibroids can also be hereditary. If your mother or sister has had fibroids, your chances of developing them may be higher.
Hormones
The menstrual cycle is regulated by the most crucial hormones in a woman’s body – Estrogen and progesterone. These may also be responsible for the development of fibroids. During pregnancy, these hormones are secreted in high amounts and hence can lead to the growth of fibroids. Whereas after menopause their secretion level minimizes causing them to shrink.
Other Risk Factors
Age
Women between the ages of 30 to 49 mostly suffer from Fibroids.
Ethnicity
African-American women are more likely to experience fibroids compared to white women.
Obesity
Women who are obese may have an increased risk of developing fibroids.
Lifestyle factors
Diet, stress, and other lifestyle choices may also contribute to the formation of fibroids.
What are the symptoms of fibroids?
Many women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms occur they can vary according to the size, number, and location of the fibroids. Some common symptoms include:
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
This is one of the most common symptoms. Some women may experience longer periods with clots or excessive blood loss, in the long term, leading to anaemia.
Pelvic Pain and Pressure
Larger fibroids may cause discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area, often with a sensation of heaviness or fullness in the pelvis.
Frequent Urination
Some patients experience urgent and frequent urination due to fibroids pressing against the bladder.
Constipation
Fibroids can also lead to constipation by putting pressure on the rectum, making it difficult to have healthy bowel movements.
Reproductive Complications
Fibroids can affect reproductive health, complicating conception or leading to issues during pregnancy, such as miscarriage or premature delivery.
Diagnosing Fibroids
Many women find that they have fibroids when their gynaecologist notices an abnormal shape of the uterus during a routine examination. Other diagnostic methods include imaging tests like ultrasounds or MRIs, which provide a clearer picture of the size, number, and location of the fibroids.
Treatment for Fibroids
The treatment for fibroids differs based on the severity of symptoms, their size, location, and the woman’s desire to have more children. Options include:
Monitored Waiting
If the fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, doctors may suggest monitoring them without immediate treatment, as they often shrink after menopause.
Medicines
Various medications can help manage symptoms like heavy bleeding or pain. Hormonal therapy may also reduce the size of fibroids, but it is not a permanent solution.
Non-Surgical Procedures
Uterine Fibroid Embolization
This minimally invasive procedure cuts off the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound
This technique uses focused ultrasound waves to reduce the size of fibroids.
Surgical Options
Hysterectomy
In severe cases, a hysterectomy, or removal of the uterus, may be recommended. This is a permanent solution but also leads to the ability to carry children.
Myomectomy
This surgical procedure removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, making it a suitable option for women who wish to conceive after the fibroids are removed.
Effect on Fertility and Pregnancy
Fibroids can contribute to infertility in women, depending on where they are located and how close they are to the uterine cavity. Potential complications during pregnancy may include a higher risk of miscarriage, preterm labour, or the need for a C-section.
Uterine fibroids are a common gynaecological issue that affects millions of women, especially during their reproductive years. Though these growths are mostly non-cancerous, their presence can lead to significant distress and if not addressed, in some cases, more serious complications. Early detection and treatment options ranging from medication to surgery, can reduce the symptoms, lower health risks, and improve overall quality of life. If there are concerns about fibroids or related symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider